31 December 2022, Volume 33 Issue 4

    

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  Advances in Polar Science. 2022, 33(4): 0.

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  Advances in Polar Science 

   Contents Vol. 33  No. 4  December  2022

  Articles 

  Seasonal variation of atmospheric elemental carbon aerosols at Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica 301

  LIU Yan, LI Chuanjin, WANG Xiaoming, DING Minghu, DU Zhiheng, SHI Guitao, SUN Bo, KANG Shichang & XIAO Cunde  

   

  Spatial distribution of aloricate ciliates in the stratified water of the Cosmonaut and Cooperation Seas in the Southern Ocean 313

  LI Jingyuan, LI Haibo, WANG Chaofeng, ZHANG Wuchang & XIAO Tian 

   

  Development of the Arctic reindeer industry from the perspective of Sino-Russian green biomanufacturing cooperation  326 

  LUO Ying, WANG Jinhui, Andrew Alexandrovich LOBANOV, Natalia Sergeevna KULESHOVA, ZHU Yan, Sergei Vasilevich ANDRONOV, Lidiya Petrovna LOBANOVA, Elena Nikolaevna BOGDANOVA, Irina Alexandrovna GRISHECHKINA & Andrei Ivanovich POPOV  

   

  Innovations in marine technology and potential needs for Arctic governance 336

  YANG Jian & SHI Guijie

   

  India’s Arctic Policy: a critical appraisal 344

  Nikhil PAREEK & Nisha PAREEK   

   

  Chinese science diplomacy in Arctic climate governance based on a survey and interviews with Chinese scientists 356

  XU Qingchao & XU Qingying   

  Announcements 

  Special issue “Observations and Simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet Melting” will be published in 2023 368

   

  Ten Opinion Editorials were published since its introduction 369

   

   

  Contents of Volume 33, 2022

   

  Cover picture: Tintinnids in the Southern Ocean (paper by Li et al., page 313; photo by ZHANG Wuchang)

Articles
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  Seasonal variation of atmospheric elemental carbon aerosols at Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica

  Yan LIU, Chuanjin LI, Xiaoming WANG, Minghu DING, Zhiheng DU, Guitao SHI, Bo SUN, Shichang KANG, Cunde Xiao

  Advances in Polar Science. 2022, 33(4): 301-312. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2022.0052

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  Elemental carbon (or black carbon) (EC or BC) aerosols emitted by biomass burning and fossil fuel combustion could cause notable climate forcing. Southern Hemisphere biomass burning emissions have contributed substantially to EC deposition in Antarctica. Here, we present the seasonal variation of EC determined from aerosol samples acquired at Zhongshan Station (ZSS), East Antarctica. The concentration of EC in the atmosphere varied between 0.02 and 257.81 ng·m⁻³ with a mean value of 44.87±48.92 ng·m⁻³. The concentration of EC aerosols reached its peak in winter (59.04 ng·m⁻³) and was lowest (27.26 ng·m⁻³) in summer. Back trajectory analysis showed that biomass burning in southern South America was the major source of the EC found at ZSS, although some of it was derived from southern Australia, especially during winter. The 2019–2020 Australian bush fires had some influence on EC deposition at ZSS, especially during 2019, but the contribution diminished in 2020, leaving southern South America as the dominant source of EC.
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  Spatial distribution of aloricate ciliates in the stratified water of the Cosmonaut and Cooperation Seas in the Southern Ocean 

  Jingyuan LI, Haibo LI, Chaofeng WANG, Wuchang ZHANG, Tian XIAO

  Advances in Polar Science. 2022, 33(4): 313-325. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2022.0017

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  Aloricate ciliates are the main component of microzooplankton. They play important roles in the circulation of materials and flow of energy in marine pelagic ecosystems. To determine the distribution pattern and structure of the aloricate ciliate community in vertically stratified waters of the Southern Ocean, we collected data on aloricate ciliates in the Cosmonaut and Cooperation Seas during the 36th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition. The ranges of aloricate ciliate abundance and biomass were 5–3097 ind·L⁻¹ and 0.01–11.40 µg C·L⁻¹, respectively. Vertically, the average abundance of aloricate ciliates decreased from the surface to 200 m, while biomass was highest in the 50-m layer. The importance of aloricate ciliates <20 µm increased along the depth gradient. Their contribution to total abundance increased from 13.04% in the surface layer to 73.71% in the 200-m layer. This is the first study to explore the distribution characteristics of the aloricate ciliate community in a stratified water column of the Southern Ocean. Our results will be helpful for understanding the variation in the pelagic community in waters of the Southern Ocean with intensified stratification.
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  Development of the Arctic reindeer industry from the perspective of Sino-Russian green biomanufacturing cooperation

  Ying LUO, Jinhui WANG, Andrew Alexandrovich LOBANOV, Natalia Sergeevna KULESHOVA, Yan ZHU, Sergei Vasilevich ANDRONOV, Lidiya Petrovna LOBANOVA, Elena Nikolaevna BOGDANOVA, Irina Alexandrovna GRISHECHKINA, Andrei Ivanovich POPOV

  Advances in Polar Science. 2022, 33(4): 326-335. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2022.0011

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  Russia’s reindeer population accounts for two thirds of the world’s total. There is a strong and resilient population of reindeer on the tundra, and reindeer herders inherit and transmit the unique culture of the north. Reindeer products have become the subject of innovative developments in the biopharmaceutical and healthcare products industry owing to their unique raw material properties. Because deer antlers and blood are widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, significant quantities of Arctic reindeer products are likely to be sold in China. Strengthening understanding of the Russian Arctic reindeer industry will help Chinese companies invest in the Russian Arctic, promote Sino-Russian Arctic cooperation on green biomanufacturing, and lead to the development of new products that promote human health.
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  Innovations in marine technology and potential needs for Arctic governance

  Jian YANG, Guijie SHI

  Advances in Polar Science. 2022, 33(4): 336-343. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2022.0014

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  The Arctic is a region of major significance in the Earth system, particularly important for global climate and international maritime governance. As human activity, relying on manufactured equipment, steadily increases in the Arctic, technological innovations for marine equipment must support the gradually more stringent requirements for future Arctic governance. In this review, four categories of innovations are analyzed, namely: innovations driven by traditional thinking, innovations for environmental protection, innovations for practical application, and innovations for observing information systems. Two examples of international regulations, the Polar Code (adopted in 2014) and the International Standard for Arctic offshore structures of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO 19906, first published in 2010), are selected to illustrate successful international cooperation efforts for Arctic marine innovation. This work provides a basis for discussion on technology development, governance efficiency, and international cooperation in the Arctic.
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  India’s Arctic Policy: a critical appraisal 

  Nikhil PAREEK, Nisha PAREEK

  Advances in Polar Science. 2022, 33(4): 344-355. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2022.0006

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  After much procrastination, the Indian government has released its much awaited and delayed Arctic Policy document on 17 March 22 with the theme being “Building a Partnership for Sustainable Development”. It has been 15 years since India commenced its scientific research in the Arctic region and this policy document, charting out the direction that India aspires to assume will be keenly examined by the diverse stakeholders of the region. Despite being an Arctic Council observer for nearly a decade, India continues to view the Arctic from a mere scientific prism and yet again missed on the opportunity to elucidate her geo-economic, geostrategic, economic and geopolitical aspirations in the hugely vital region. There is no gainsaying that the research bases discreetly also act as pillars of geopolitical engagement and indirectly this scientific diplomacy ushers in peace and prevent conflict situations yet a holistic national policy enunciating a roadmap and vision for dealing in a region which has eight sovereign states, thirteen sovereign states as observers, various intergovernmental and inter-parliamentarian outfits, NGOs and a complex governance structure was much awaited.
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  Chinese science diplomacy in Arctic climate governance based on a survey and interviews with Chinese scientists 

  Qingchao XU, Qingying XU

  Advances in Polar Science. 2022, 33(4): 356-367. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2022.0013

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  Science diplomacy is attracting increasing attention in the international relations literature. This study investigates how Chinese scientists understand this term and explores China’s dynamic praxis in Arctic climate governance. It conducts a theoretical and practical examination of science diplomacy in terms of three dimensions—science in diplomacy, diplomacy for science, and science for diplomacy—thus achieving a high degree of consistency. A multi-method approach, combining qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and involving the adoption of a literature review, participant interviews, and questionnaires, is adopted. Data were collected from interviews with 16 Chinese scientists involved in Arctic climate governance and from 130 valid questionnaires collected from Chinese natural scientists working in the climate change field. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative findings, the study reveals that the three-dimensional framework of science diplomacy can provide insight into Chinese scientists’ understandings of the topic. In contrast to the participants’ vague theoretical responses, the outlines of China’s Arctic climate governance can be clearly identified within this framework. The study concludes by underlining the tension between theory and practice in terms of science diplomacy and highlighting the emerging challenges for China in developing its Arctic science diplomacy against the background of the COVID-19 pandemic and Russia-Ukraine conflict. Moreover, it is suggested that, to further develop China’s Arctic science diplomacy, it is vital to take account of the deficiencies in China’s science diplomacy. The study’s empirical results contribute to an understanding of the dynamic nature of science diplomacy in the Chinese context.
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  CONTENTS (Volume 33, 2022) 

  Advances in Polar Science. 2022, 33(4): 370-372.

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  Advances in Polar Science

   

  CONTENTS (Volume 33, 2022)

   

   

  Number 1

  Foreword

  Variability of size-fractionated phytoplankton standing stock in the Amundsen Sea during

  summer

  ZHANG Wei, HAO Qiang, HE Jianfeng & PAN Jianming

  Effects of sea ice melt water input on phytoplankton biomass and community structure in the

  eastern Amundsen Sea

  FENG Yubin, LI Dong, ZHAO Jun, PAN Jianming, ZHANG Haisheng, HAN Zhengbing &

  ZHU Qiuhong

  Horizontal distribution of tintinnids (Ciliophora) in surface waters of the Ross Sea and polynya in

  the Amundsen Sea (Antarctica) during summer 2019/2020

  WANG Chaofeng, XU Zhiqiang, LI Haibo, WANG Yongqiang & ZHANG Wuchang

  Distribution of transparent exopolymer particles and their response to phytoplankton community

  structure changes in the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica

  XUE Siyou, HU Ji, FENG Yubin, LI Dong, ZHANG Haifeng, ZHAO Jun, HAN Zhengbing,

  YU Peisong & PAN Jianming

  Relating the composition of continental margin surface sediments from the Ross Sea to the

  Amundsen Sea, West Antarctica, to modern environmental conditions

  WANG Jiakai, LI Tiegang, TANG Zheng, XIONG Zhifang, LIU Yanguang, CHEN Zhihua &

  CHANG Fengming

  Particle dynamics revealed by ²¹⁰Po/²¹⁰Pb disequilibria around Prydz Bay, the Southern Ocean in summer

  CHEN Mengya, CHEN Min, ZHENG Minfang, QIU Yusheng, ZHU Jing & QIAN Qiankun

  Features and influencing mechanisms of gaseous elemental mercury over the equatorial Pacific

  and their differences with the Southern Ocean

  WANG Jiancheng, YUE Fange, ZHAN Haicong, KANG Hui & XIE Zhouqing

  Potential suitable sites for the calibration of Scientific Echo Sounder in the marginal seas

  around Antarctica

  CHEN Qingman, GUO Guijun, LUO Guangfu & HE Jianfeng

  Research on submesoscale eddy and front near the South Shetland Islands (Antarctic

  Peninsula) using seismic oceanography data

  YANG Shun, SONG Haibin & ZHANG Kun

  One special issue will be published in late 2022

  “Opinion Editorial” category attracts more attention

   

  Number 2

  The older ice, the better science

  HOU Shugui   

  The evaluation of biological productivity by triple isotope composition of oxygen trapped in ice-core bubbles and dissolved in ocean: a review

  ZHOU Yaqian, PANG Hongxi, HU Huanting, YANG Guang & HOU Shugui

  Numerical simulation of the dynamic effects of grounding icebergs on summer circulation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica

  HAN Yuxin, SHI Jiuxin, HOU Saisai & XIAO Changhao

  Comparison of ship-based CTD measurement of Circumpolar Deep Water in the Amundsen Sea based on World Ocean Database

  HE Hailun & WU Shouchang    

  Inventory of unintentional POPs emission from anthropogenic sources in Antarctica

  Sergey KAKAREKA & Tamara KUKHARCHYK

  Bacterial community diversity of meltwater runoff and soil in Midre Lovénbreen glacier in Ny-Ålesund, Arctic

  LIN Lidong, WANG Nengfei, HAN Wenbing, ZHANG Botao, ZANG Jiaye, LI Qinxin, QIN Yiling, WANG Long, ZHANG Fang & LIU Jie  

  Community structure of mesopelagic fauna and the length-weight relationships of three common fishes in the Cosmonaut Sea, Southern Ocean

  WANG Yehui, LIU Chunlin, DUAN Mi, ZHANG Chi, YE Zhenjiang, LIU Yang, TIAN Yongjun & HE Jianfeng   

  Development of the International Polar Years and their benefits for China

  TANG Yao

  One special issue will be published in September 2023

  “Opinion Editorial” category attracts more attention  

   

  Number 3 

  Some thoughts on the development of polar microbial resources

  WANG Nengfei

  Meteorological and sea ice anomalies in the western Arctic Ocean during the 2018–2019 ice season: a Lagrangian study

  LEI Ruibo, ZHANG Fanyi & ZHAI Mengxi

  Evaluation of Arctic sea ice simulation of CMIP6 models from China

  LI Jiaqi, WANG Xiaochun, WANG Ziqi, ZHAO Liqing & WANG Jin

  Concentration maxima of methane in the bottom waters over the Chukchi Sea shelf: implication of its biogenic source

  LI Yuhong, ZHANG Jiexia, YE Wangwang, JIN Haiyan, ZHUANG Yanpei & ZHAN Liyang

  Spatial variability of δ¹⁸O and δ²H in North Pacific and Arctic Oceans surface seawater

  LI Zhiqiang, DING Minghu, WANG Yetang, DU Zhiheng & DOU Tingfeng  

  Variability of size-fractionated chlorophyll a in the high-latitude Arctic Ocean in summer 2020

  CAI Ting, HAO Qiang, BAI Youcheng, LAN Musheng, HE Jianfeng & CHEN Jianfang   

  Dissolved nutrient distributions in the Antarctic Cosmonaut Sea in austral summer 2021

  HUANG Wenhao, YANG Xufeng, ZHAO Jun, LI Dong & PAN Jianming

  Population size and distribution of seabirds in the Cosmonaut Sea, Southern Ocean

  LIN Zixuan, LIU Meijun, YAN Denghui, GAO Kai, LIU Xiangwan & DENG Wenhong

  One special issue will be published in September 2023

  “Opinion Editorial” category attracts more attention

   

  Number 4

  Seasonal variation of atmospheric elemental carbon aerosols at Zhongshan Station, East Antarctica

  LIU Yan, LI Chuanjin, WANG Xiaoming, DING Minghu, DU Zhiheng, SHI Guitao, SUN Bo, KANG Shichang & XIAO Cunde  

  Spatial distribution of aloricate ciliates in the stratified water of the Cosmonaut and Cooperation Seas in the Southern Ocean  

  LI Jingyuan, LI Haibo, WANG Chaofeng, ZHANG Wuchang & XIAO Tian

  Development of the Arctic reindeer industry from the perspective of Sino-Russian green biomanufacturing cooperation

  LUO Ying, WANG Jinhui, Andrew Alexandrovich LOBANOV, Natalia Sergeevna KULESHOVA, ZHU Yan, Sergei Vasilevich ANDRONOV, Lidiya Petrovna LOBANOVA, Elena Nikolaevna BOGDANOVA, Irina Alexandrovna GRISHECHKINA & Andrei Ivanovich POPOV  

  Innovations in marine technology and potential needs of Arctic governance

  YANG Jian & SHI Guijie

  India’s Arctic Policy: a critical appraisal

  Nikhil PAREEK & Nisha PAREEK   

  Chinese science diplomacy in Arctic climate governance based on a survey and interviews with Chinese scientists

  XU Qingchao & XU Qingying

  Special issue “Observations and Simulations of Greenland Ice Sheet Melting” will be published in 2023

  Ten Opinion Editorials were published since its introduction

  Contents of Volume 33, 2022