• General

The outline is as follows:

         1. Submit a full electronic copy (the text, all tables, all figures, etc.) of the manuscript. The Editorial Board accepts most word processing formats, but Word (.doc, .docx) is preferred.

2. All manuscripts are strongly suggested to be written in American English.

3. The manuscript should be assembled in the order: title, abstract, main body of the article (including tables, figure captions and figures), acknowledgments and references.

4. Submit supplementary files (if applicable) together with the main manuscript so that it can be sent to referees during peer-review.

 

• Title page

The title page should include:

1. The name(s) of the author(s).

2. A concise and informative title contains not more than 40 words and the running title should also be given in 80 characters.

3. The affiliation(s) and address(es) of the author(s).

4. The e-mail address (required), ORCID number (optional) telephone and fax numbers (optional) of the corresponding author.

 

• Abstract

Please provide an abstract of not more than 250 words.

 

• Keywords

Please provide 5 to 8 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.

 

•Main body of the manuscript

1.Please write concisely.

2. The text should be in single-column format and double spacing. A font size of 12-point Times New Roman is required. Please insert line numbers, and use the automatic page numbering function to number the pages.

3. Use the International System of Units (SI), and their standard abbreviations, for all measurements of physical quantities. Follow these examples for specific applications: μmol·m^–2·d^–1, 58%–71%, −0.5 – −0.2 ℃.

4. Please always use internationally accepted signs and symbols for units, preferably SI units (for a transition period, and as an exception to this general rule, commonly used scientific units not included in the International System of Units may be used).

5. Use italics for emphasis and Latin words, e.g., genus and species names.

6. All dates included in the manuscript need to be in the style Day Month Year, for example, 17 December 2011.

 

• Headings

Please divide your manuscript into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. Please use no more than three levels of displayed headings.

Please use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing instead of referring to the text. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

 

• Abbreviations

Abbreviations should be defined at first mention in abstract and text respectively and used consistently thereafter.

 

• Acknowledgments

Acknowledgments of people, grants, grants numbers, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section before the reference list. The names of funding organizations should be written in full.

 

• References

Citation Style

References should be cited in text using the form (author, year). References must be listed in alphabetical order according to the name of the first author.

1. Single author: the author’s name (without given name, unless there is ambiguity) and the year of publication;

2. Two authors: both authors’ names and the year of publication;

3. Three or more authors: first author’s name followed by ‘et al.’ and the year of publication.

An example: ‘as demonstrated (Allan, 2019, 2020a, 2020b; Allan and Jones, 1999). Kramer et al. (2010) have recently shown ....’

Reference list

The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication.

1. References should be arranged first alphabetically and then further sorted chronologically if necessary.

2. References with the same first author are listed in the following order.

1) Papers with one author only are listed first in chronological order, beginning with the earliest paper;

2) Papers with two authors follow and are listed in alphabetical order by the last name of the second author;

3) Papers with three or more authors appear after the dual-authored papers and are arranged chronologically.

3. More than one reference from the same author(s) in the same year must be identified by the letters ‘a’, ‘b’, ‘c’, etc., placed after the year of publication.

Reference style

The following are examples of the most commonly cited reference types.

1. Journal article: Authors, publication date, article title, journal (abbreviation), volume and pages/citation number must be included. The Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a required part of the citation for APS articles starting in 2011.

Hosie G W, Kirkwood J. 1986. Euphausiid larvae collected from the Prydz Bay region during the Nella Dan cruise (SIBEX I). Mem Natl Inst Polar Res, 40: 110-116.

Wang X Y, Zhao J P. 2012. Seasonal and inter-annual variations of the primary types of the Arctic sea-ice drifting patterns. Adv Polar Sci, 23(2): 72-81, doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1085.2012.00072.

2. Book: Authors, publication date, book title, publisher’s locations and publisher must be included. To cite an entire edited volume, use the editors as the authors, as shown below. Include book series and volume number when applicable.

Pakhomov E A. 1991. Antarctic macroplankton and the nutrition of coastal fishes. Moscow: Russian Academy of Sciences.

Sun L G, Xie Z Q, Liu X D, et al. 2006. Ecological geology on ice-free Antarctica. Beijing: Science Press.

Johannessen O M, Bobylev L P, Shalina E V, et al (eds). 2020. Sea Ice in the Arctic. Cham: Springer.

3. Book chapter: Authors, publication date, chapter title, book title (preceded by “//”), publisher’s location, publisher, and chapter pages must be included. Include editors and book series and volume number when applicable.

Brown B, Aaron M. 2001. The politics of nature//Smith J. The rise of modern genomics, 3rd edn. New York: Wiley, 230-257.

4. Online document: Authors, publication date, document title and website address must be included. Please include specific publication date ((2018-01-26)) and citation date ([2020-01-18]) if applicable.

Hunke E C, Lipscomb W H. 2010. CICE: The Los Alamos sea ice model documentation and software user’s manual version 4.1. https://csdms.colorado.edu/w/images/CICE_documentation_and_software_user's_manual.pdf.

The State Council Information Office of the People’s Republic of China. 2018. China’s Arctic Policy. (2018-01-26) [2020-01-18]. http://english.www.gov.cn/archive/white_paper/2018/01/26/content_281476026660336.htm.

5. Dissertation: Authors, publication date, thesis title, thesis designator, institution’s location and institution must be included.

Islam A. 2015. CO₂ and O₂ variability in the partially ice-covered Arctic Ocean. Montana, Missoula: University of Montana.

6. Conference paper: Authors, meeting date, title of paper presented, location of meeting and name of meeting are required. Conference proceedings published as books or in journals should be formatted as those types. When possible, avoid citing conference papers older than 2 years; instead, cite published book or journal articles that resulted from the research presented at the conference.

Khain A, Pokrovsky A, Blahak U Et Al. 2008. Is the dependence of warm and ice precipitation on the aerosol concentration monotonic? Cancun, Mexico: 15th International Conference on Clouds and Precipitation.

 

• Equations

1. Use the equation editor or MathType for equations.

2. All equations need to be numbered using Arabic numerals.

3. Identify equations that are referred to in the text by parenthetical numbers, such as (1), and refer to them in the manuscript as “Equation (1)”

• Tables

1. All tables need to be numbered using Arabic numerals.

2. Tables should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.

3. For each table, please supply a table caption (title) explaining the components of the table.

4. Column heads. All columns (except the first one) must have headings. Their relation to the data is clear and they refer to column below.

5. Each entry in a table should appear in a new cell; avoid tables created with the tab key and embedded objects. Tables must be editable and must not be embedded as pictures.

6. Identify any previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference at the end of the table caption.

7. Footnotes to tables should be indicated by superscript lower-case letters (or asterisks for significance values and other statistical data) and included beneath the table body.

 

Table 1 Element concentration data for the bulk surface samples

 

• Electronic figure submission

1. Supply all figures electronically.

2. Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork.

3. For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS or PDF; for halftones, please use TIFF format. MS Office files are also acceptable.

4. Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.

5. Name your figure files with “Figure” and the figure number, e.g., Figure 1.eps.

• Line art

1. Definition: Black and white graphic with no shading.

2. Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and check that all lines and lettering within the figures are legible at final size.

3. All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide.

4. Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.

5. Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.

• Halftone art

1. Definition: Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.

2. If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars within the figures themselves.

3. Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.

• Figure lettering

1. Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually about 2–3 mm (8–20 pt).

2. Variance of type size within an illustration should be minimal, e.g., 20-pt type for the axis label.

3. Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.

4. Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations.

• Figure numbering

1. All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.

2. Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.

3. Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.) in bold type.

4. If a supplementary appears in your article and it contains one or more figures, number the appendix figures, “S1, S2, S3, etc.”.

• Figure captions

1. Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure file.

2. Figure captions begin with the term “Figure” in bold type, followed by the figure number, also in bold type.

3. No punctuation is to be included after the number, and period is placed at the end of the caption.

4. Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes, circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.

5. Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.

• Permissions

If you include figures that have already been published elsewhere, you must obtain permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format. Please be aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that APS will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used.

 

• Supplementary files

Supplementary files generally consist of extra tables, figures and data sets produced by the authors as part of their research, but not essential for understanding or evaluating the manuscript.

1. Number tables, figures, data or equations in the supplementary file sequentially but separate from that used in the main body of manuscript. For example, Table S1, Figure S1, Equation S1.

2. Refer to each piece of supplementary material at the appropriate point(s) in the main manuscript.

3. Remember to include a brief title and legend as part of every figure submitted, and a title as part of every table.

4. Supplementary video files should be provided in the standard video aspects (4:3, 16:9, 21:9) with a maximum size of 150 MB.

 

• Special notes for Data Papers

Data papers should describe datasets in full, including the data’s purpose, collection, and reuse potential, but shouldn’t generally test hypotheses or provide any interpretations. Datasets must be deposited in a publicly accessible repository and licensed for reuse.

The main sections of a Data Paper include:

    1. Title

    2. Author(s) and affiliation(s)

    3. Abstract

    4. Keywords

    5. Introduction/Background: provide an overview of the study that generated the data, as well as outlining the potential reuse value of the data. Any previous publications that derived from these data should be cited and briefly summarized.

    6. Methods: describe any steps or procedures used in producing the data, including full descriptions of the experimental design, data acquisition and any computational processing.

     7. Data records/Sample description: explain each data record associated with this work, including the repository where this information is stored, and to provide an overview of the data files and their formats.

    8. Technical validation: present any experiments or analyses that are needed to support the technical quality and reliability of the data.

     9. Usage notes: discuss the dataset’s value to the research community, limitations and potential sources of error. Instructions, code, workflow or tips that may assist reuse of these data are recommended.

    10. Code availability: a statement must be included under in this section indicating whether and how and custom code can be accessed, including any restrictions to access.

    11. Acknowledgements and Author contributions

    12. References