27 December 2024, Volume 35 Issue 4
    

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  • Contents
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 0-0.
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    • Editorial Note
  • Editorial－Advances in Polar Science: climate change, global communication and sharing
    Huigen Yang & Yeadong Kim
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 399-399.
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    • Opinion Editorial
  • Arctic economy transformation: a prospective from blue economy, natural resources, technology innovation and international partnerships
    Mads Qvist FREDERIKSEN
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 401-404. https://doi.org/10.12429/j.advps.2024.0032
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    The Arctic region, once perceived solely through the lens of climate and environment, is now emerging as a vibrant hub of dynamic business opportunities in the context of a bit more rapid climate change than expected. This paper explores the profound transformation underway in Arctic economies, fueled by natural resources, technological solutions, and international partnerships that respect and benefit the Arctic indigenous peoples.
    • Review
  • Impacts of lead and mercury on reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) meat food safety: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Sergei Vasilievich ANDRONOV, Andrei Alexandrovich LOBANOV, Elena Nikolaevna BOGDANOVA, LUO Ying & ZENG Desong
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 405-420. https://doi.org/10.12429/j.advps.2024.0020
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    This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to consolidate information about (1) Pb and Hg concentrations in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) meat from different Arctic regions and the factors affecting the concentrations and (2) the effects of Pb and Hg on human health in the Arctic. The study was performed following guidelines outlined in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statements. We performed literature searches using the databases Cochrane Library, CrossRef, CyberLeninka, eLibrary, Embase, Medline, PubMed, and Scopus. A total of 3614 publications from January 1980 to November 2023 were scrutinized. Thirty-four relevant studies from Canada, Finland, Greenland (Denmark), Norway, Russia (covering six high latitude regions), Sweden, and the United States were selected for synthesis. The highest Hg concentrations in reindeer meat from Arctic regions were found in samples from Alaska (USA), Canada, Greenland (Denmark), the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russia), and Sweden, and the highest Pb concentrations were found in samples from Greenland (Denmark), the Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russia), Norway, and the Taimyr Peninsula (Russia). The Pb and Hg concentrations in reindeer meat from Finland and the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Okrug (Russia) were relatively low. The results indicated that extractive industries in Arctic regions are important sources of toxic metals such as Pb and Hg in reindeer meat.
    • Articles
  • Characteristics of Antarctic aerosol composition during the Australian fires of 2019–2020
    CHEN Afeng, WANG Longquan, LIU Hongwei, YUE Fange & XIE Zhouqing
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 421-437. https://doi.org/10.12429/j.advps.2024.0023
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     During the 36th Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition, aerosol samples were gathered from the Ross Sea in Antarctic to assess the climatic impact of the Australian fires that occurred in 2019–2020. The chemical compositions, including levoglucosan (Lev) and its isomers, galactosan (Gan) and mannosan (Man), were analyzed. Principal component analysis helped identify the potential sources of these chemical components. By combining backward trajectories with the ratios of CLev/CMan and CMan/CGan, it was further inferred that Australia might be the potential source region for biomass burning. The radiative forcing resulting from biomass burning was evaluated using the Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model, which revealed that black carbon emitted from biomass burning could slightly warm the atmosphere (+0.52 W·m–2) while causing slightly cooling at the surface (–0.73 W·m–2) and the top of the atmosphere (–0.22 W·m–2) over the Ross Sea.
  • The enhanced synoptic variation in sea ice over Pacific sector of Arctic Ocean during summer half year
    LI Yijiao, JIANG Zhina DAI Guokun & DING Minghu
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 438-448. https://doi.org/10.12429/j.advps.2024.0003
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    This study investigates the synoptic Arctic sea ice variation during the summer half year based on a regional daily sea ice concentration (SIC) tendency index during 1979–2021. Results indicate an enhancement in synoptic SIC variation over the Pacific sector of Arctic Ocean, with the maximum amplitude concentrating along the sea ice edge to covering a larger domain. Most synoptic severe sea ice variations occur for a single day or 2–3 d, typically starting after mid-June and ending in mid-November over Beaufort–Chukchi seas. However, there is a clear shift in ending time over the East Siberian–Laptev seas from early October to early November. Further analysis suggests that wind-driven sea ice drift may significantly contribute to the amplification of synoptic sea ice variation. This result contributes to our understanding of regional Arctic sea ice predictability, particularly in relation to the Arctic northeast shipping passage.
  • Atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury in the Arctic: role of long-range transport and sea ice
    QIU Yue, YUE Fange, JIANG Bei & XIE Zhouqing
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 449-458. https://doi.org/10.12429/j.advps.2023.0009
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    The potential sources of atmospheric mercury in the Arctic are still not well understood. Here, we analyzed the round-year observations of atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) concentrations in 2010 at two sites in the Arctic: Zeppelin Observatory (78.90°N, 11.88°E) and Alert Observatory (82.47°N, 62.50°W). The results showed clearly different characteristics at these two sites. During the winter of 2010, the long-range transport of anthropogenic emissions was the dominant factor for elevated GEM at Zeppelin Observatory while which had little contribution to GEM at Alert Observatory. The change in GEM at Zeppelin Observatory during January, February and October was dominated by long-range transported anthropogenic emissions. The emission inventory combined with backward trajectory analysis suggested that the main sources were unintentional industrial sources, stationary combustion sources, and intentional use and product waste-associated sectors, which contributed 49%, 33%, and 18%, respectively. Potential source contribution function analysis was then conducted and found that Europe was the important source region. During the summer of 2010, sea ice concentration was an important factor affecting GEM at Alert Observatory while which had little effect on GEM at Zeppelin Observatory. These results further indicated the role of anthropogenic sources and climate warming on the spatial variation in GEM over the Arctic.
  • Sustainable observations of landfast sea ice in the cryosphere: a case study at the Liaodong Bay, Bohai Sea, North China
    MA Yuxian, WANG Qingkai, LIU Xueqin, LI Wei, XU Ning & Bin CHENG
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 459-472. https://doi.org/10.12429/j.advps.2024.0022
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     Sustainable monitoring of sea ice is crucial for better understanding air-ice-ocean interactions and identifying new processes. However, it is an expensive process particularly for the polar cryosphere environment. The seasonal ice-covered sea area can be used as a test bed for cryosphere-related process studies due to convenient access and conduction of field work, and the seasonal regime variation of the Arctic sea ice resulting from climate changes. In this paper, a small landfast sea ice monitoring program has been carried out for four consecutive seasons at Jiangjunshi Port, the Bohai Sea, North China, analyzing the temperature and salinity of air, ice and ocean and discussing the influence on mechanical properties. The effect of air temperature on sea ice temperature is focused. During low-temperature periods, the maximum correlation coefficient between air temperature and ice temperature, along with temperature fluctuation within ice, decreases as ice depth increases. Ice salinity was measured using ice core sampling and ice crumb sampling, with ice crumb salinity twice larger compared to ice core sampling when the ice temperature is −3 ℃. Ice salinity variations with ice temperature and the salinity profiles were fitted. Analysis of the profiles of under-ice seawater salinity reveals the presence of a high-salinity layer near the bottom of sea ice during the initial stage of sea ice growth. Based on the dynamic changes in sea ice temperature and sea ice salinity, this study evaluates the mechanical properties of sea ice, with the fitting determination coefficients of the obtained parameterized formulas significantly better than those reported in current research.
  • Central Arctic Ocean Fisheries Agreement: China’s role and implications for sustainable Arctic governance
    SHAN Yanyan & LIN Hui
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 473-481. https://doi.org/10.12429/j.advps.2024.0021
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     The opening of the Arctic Ocean has prompted the signing of the Agreement to Prevent Unregulated High Seas Fisheries in the Central Arctic Ocean (CAOF Agreement) by 10 parties, including the five Arctic Ocean coastal states and the world’s leading distant-water fishing states. The negotiation process, initiated by the United States, progressed in two stages: the “A5 process” and the “A5+5 process”. The CAOF Agreement sets a precedent for cooperation between Arctic and non-Arctic states in managing Arctic high seas resources. It also incorporates several innovative management approaches for Arctic fisheries, such as the precautionary approach, ecosystem-based management, and state-of-the-art scientific knowledge as the basis for decision-making. Since 2015, China has actively participated in the negotiation and implementation of the CAOF Agreement. This article carefully analyzes the background and progressiveness of the CAOF Agreement and examines the responsibility that all state parties share concerning the sustainable use of marine living resources in the Central Arctic Ocean. The article also reviews China’s interests and engagement in the Arctic region, with particular attention to its participation in the CAOF Agreement. Finally, the article concludes by discussing China’s role and implications for sustainable Arctic governance and its broader implications for evolving international environmental and ocean governance.
    • Trend & Letter
  • Autonomous ice-core drilling system based on polar rover
    Mikhail A. SYSOEV, Pavel G. TALALAY, FAN Xiaopeng, GONG Da, WANG Ting & LIU Yunchen
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 482-486. https://doi.org/10.12429/j.advps.2024.0034
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     The harsh and remote environments of polar regions, such as the Arctic and Antarctica, pose significant challenges for scientific exploration, particularly in ice sampling. Extreme conditions, including low temperatures, ice, snow, and natural obstacles, make access to these areas difficult. However, ice sampling from glaciers, ice sheets, and icebergs is critical for scientific research, necessitating the development of specialized equipment. Unmanned ice-drilling systems offer a promising solution by enabling safe and efficient ice core sample collection in remote locations. Advances in extraterrestrial ice-drilling technology have inspired the development of automated drilling systems for Earth’s polar regions, with recent efforts focusing on lightweight, electric or solar-powered rovers which can tow or mount drilling systems. This paper introduces the concept of a robotic drilling system designed at Jilin University, China, for shallow drilling operations from an unmanned polar rover, highlighting its design and operational features.
    • Contents
  • Advances in Polar Science
    Assistant Editors
    Advances in Polar Science. 2024, 35(4): 487-490.
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