Advances in Polar Science

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Contents Vol.29 No.4

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Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 0-0.

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Contents Vol.29 No.4 December 2018

Opinion Editorial
Towards truly integrated modeling and observing of marine ice sheets
David GWYTHER

Articles
Identification of optical auroras caused by mantle precipitation with the aid of particle observations from DMSP satellites
HAN Desheng & YANG Huigen
Records in palaeo-notch sediment: changes in palaeoproductivity and their link to climate change from Svalbard
YANG Zhongkang, WANG Yuhong & SUN Liguang
Hotspots of seabirds and marine mammals between New Zealand and the Ross Gyre: importance of hydrographic features
Claude R. JOIRIS & Grant R. W. HUMPHRIES
Marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean: status and future
LI Chaolun & YANG Guang
An analysis on Sino-Russian cooperation in the Arctic in the BRI era
Olga ALEXEEVA & Frederic LASSERRE
Research on governance of HFO use and carriage on ships in accordance with the Polar Code
HAN Jialin

Letter
Meteorological observations and weather forecasting services of the CHINARE
SUN Qizhen, ZHANG Lin, MENG Shang, SHEN Hui, DING Zhuoming & ZHANG Zhanhai

Inviting Contributions to Special Issues in 2019

Contents of Volume 29, 2018

Cover picture: The kongsfjorden seen from the Blomstrandhalvøya, Svalbard (paper by Yang Z K et al, page 243)

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Towards truly integrated modeling and observing of marine ice sheets

David GWYTHER

Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 231-232.

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Towards truly integrated modeling and observing of marine ice sheets.

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Identification of optical auroras caused by mantle precipitation with the aid of particle observations from DMSP satellites

HAN Desheng, YANG Huigen

Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 233-242. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2018.4.00233

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Particle observations of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) show that discrete auroral structures commonly exist in the region of the plasma mantle, but the optical features of the aurora generated by particles from the plasma mantle (called ‘mantle aurora’ in this paper) have not been established. A comparison of 7-year optical auroral observations made at the Yellow River Station with conjugate particle observations obtained from the DMSP confirm that mantle auroras have common features and can be clearly identified from all-sky imager observations. The mantle auroras normally present as sporadic and weak auroral structures split poleward of the dayside auroral oval. They are observed in both the green and red lines with the intensity of the red line being greater than that of the green line. In this paper, we illustrate typical mantle auroras and provide statistics on 55 mantle aurora cases that are confirmed by particle observation by the DMSP. Statistical results show that the occurrence of the mantle aurora has no clear dependence on the IMF By and Bz conditions, but the motion of the mantle aurora strongly depends on the IMF By , which indicates that the generation of the mantle aurora is intimately related to the dayside magnetopause reconnection. With the fundamental criteria for distinguishing the mantle aurora presented in this paper, we will be able to independently identify the mantle auroras from ground optical observations. This will allow us to investigate the physical processes that occur in the plasma mantle by monitoring the evolution of the auroral forms.

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Records in palaeo-notch sediment: changes in palaeoproductivity and their link to climate change from Svalbard

YANG Zhongkang, WANG Yuhong, SUN Liguang

Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 243-253. https://doi.org/10.16379/j.advps.4.00243

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Palaeo-notch sediment, accumulated in lacustrine environment, is a reliable proxy material for palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental research. In this study, we collected a palaeo-notch sediment profile from the Blomstrandhalvøya, used multiple geochemical proxies to reconstruct palaleoproductivity variations, and investigated their link to climatic records from surrounding regions. C/N atomic ratios and carbon isotope indicate that organic matter in the sediment is mainly derived from lacustrine algae. Toward the surface sediment, the TOC, TN, P contents and the reconstructed palaeoproductivity show remarkable fluctuations with several peaks and troughs, opposite to the variation trend of the CaCO3 contents. Changes in the reconstructed palaeoproductivity are in good agreement with palaeoclimatic records from the surrounding regions, and three interruptions are likely linked to the well-known cooling periods around 1900 BP, 2800 BP and 4200 BP. Thus palaeoproductivity variations on the Blomstrandhalvøya are mainly driven by climate changes; palaeoproductivity increase during warmer periods, and vice versa. This study will help the research of Arctic lake ecosystem and its response to climate change.

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Hotspots of seabirds and marine mammals between New Zealand and the Ross Gyre: importance of hydrographic features

Claude R. JOIRIS, Grant R. W. HUMPHRIES

Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 254-261. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2018.4.00254

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This article is part of our long-term study on the quantitative at-sea distribution of the marine “upper trophic levels”—seabirds and marine mammals—in polar ecosystems, aiming at quantifying the factors influencing their distribution as well as detecting possible spatial and temporal changes, with special attention to hydrography and to global climate changes. During an expedition of icebreaking RV Polarstern in February 2010, along the North–South transect between New Zealand and the Ross Gyre, off the Ross Sea, 3200 seabirds belonging to 22 identified pelagic species were recorded during 338 half-hour transect counts. Four major hotspots were identified. These were in Sub-tropical Water off New Zealand (up to 300 birds per count), and at the main Southern Ocean fronts: the Sub-Antarctic Front (up to 240 per count), the Antarctic Front (up to 150 per count) and the Polar Front (up to 200 per count), representing the vast majority of recorded seabirds. The most numerous species in the three frontal zones were: prions—mainly slender-billed Pachyptila belcheri—and Salvin’s albatross Thalassarche [cauta ] salvini. The eight more abundant species represented 2650 birds, i.e. more than 80% of the total. A random forest clustering method identified four groups of seabird species occupying similar oceanographic niches.

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Marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean: status and future

LI Chaolun, YANG Guang

Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 262-268. https://doi.org/10.16379/j.advps.4.00262

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Marine protected areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean are receiving more and more global attention. The Southern Ocean is one of the world’s last regions not yet seriously impacted by human activities, signifying its ecological importance and unique value for scientific research. In response to climate change and growing commercial fishing interests in the Southern Ocean and their impacts on the marine ecosystem, the Commission on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) is reacting to growing international pressure to establish a system of MPAs in the Southern Ocean to manage fisheries and conserve vital species—such as the keystone resource Antarctic krill and the dominant fish predator Antarctic toothfish—as well as to protect whole ecosystems. This review summarizes progress in the establishment of MPAs in the Southern Ocean by focusing on several major topics: (1) the current status of MPAs in the Southern Ocean; (2) the purpose and objective of MPAs in the Southern Ocean; (3) a short description of the largest high-sea MPA (the Ross Sea MPA); (4) ecological observation and monitoring for the planned MPAs in the Southern Ocean; and (5) the importance of international cooperation in the design, establishment and future management of MPAs in the Southern Ocean.

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An analysis on Sino-Russian cooperation in the Arctic in the BRI era

Olga ALEXEEVA, Frederic LASSERRE

Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 269-282. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2018.4.00269

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Abstract: Over the past decade Sino-Russian cooperation in the Arctic has emerged as one of the major topics of the Russia-China negotiations on how to expand their comprehensive strategic partnership and to bring it to a new level. China considers the Arctic region important for its economic interests and desires to be included in the development of the region and its economic potential. For Russia, the Arctic is a future strategic resource base that would replace the old depleting fields and assure Russia’s status as a major worldwide energy supplier. Despite many joint statements on deepening of the Sino-Russian cooperation in the development of the Arctic energy resources, the concrete results of these ambitious plans are few. Some joint projects were dropped, as China and Russia could not agree on the conditions of the deal, others are progressing very slowly and have an uncertain future. In 2017, China has expanded its “Belt and Road Initiative” (BRI) to the Arctic thus elevating the Sino-Russian cooperation in the Artcic to a higher level. How did the relationship between Russia and China evolve in the Arctic and how do Russia and China view and respond to the new Arctic dimension of the BRI? What factors limit the strategic rapprochement between China and Russia in the Arctic?

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Research on governance of HFO use and carriage on ships in accordance with the Polar Code

HAN Jialin

Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 283-290. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2018.4.00283

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In this paper, we discuss the environmental damages caused by the use and carriage of Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO) by ships in Arctic waters. We also review efforts made by major international and regional organizations in governing the use and carriage of HFO by ships in Arctic waters after implementation of the Polar Code, and analyze the obstacles and difficulties that lie ahead. By illustrating the features of the Arctic Council and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), which govern Arctic waters, we examine measures taken by these two organizations in tackling HFO issues. These include: assessing indigenous and local community’s reliance on HFO transportation in the Arctic, developing risk prevention measures for ships operating in Arctic waters, seeking economic alternatives to HFO that contribute to a greener economy, developing a package of HFO governance measures, strengthening cooperation between relevant international and regional organizations that govern HFO to provide suggestions for follow-up discussions on HFOs, and optimize governance by relevant organizations and determine a better global solution to governing the use and carriage of HFO by ships. In addition, we discuss the feasibility of an IMO-imposed HFO ban from the perspective of the Arctic governance to clearly grasp the path of its future development.

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Meteorological observations and weather forecasting services of the CHINARE

SUN Qizhen, ZHANG Lin, MENG Shang, SHEN Hui, DING Zhuoming, ZHANG Zhanhai

Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 291-299. https://doi.org/10.13679/j.advps.2018.4.00291

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By 2018, China had conducted 34 scientific explorations in Antarctica spearheaded by the Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHINARE). Since the first CHINARE over 30 years ago, considerable work has been undertaken to promote the development of techniques for the observation of surface and upper-air meteorological elements, and satellite image and data reception systems at Chinese Antarctic stations and onboard Chinese icebreakers have played critical roles in this endeavor. The upgrade of in situ and remote sensing measurement methods and the improvement of weather forecasting skill have enabled forecasters to achieve reliable on-site weather forecasting for the CHINARE. Nowadays, the routing of icebreakers, navigation of aircraft, and activities at Chinese Antarctic stations all benefit from the accurate weather forecasting service. In this paper, a review of the conventional meteorological measurement and operational weather forecasting services of the CHINARE is presented.

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Inviting Contributions to Special Issues in 2019

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Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 300-300.

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Advances in Polar Science (APS) is an international, English-language, peer-reviewed journal that publishes scientific research results concerning the Arctic and Antarctic regions across a broad range of disciplines. It is sponsored by the Polar Research Institute of China. APS is a true open-access journal, with no publication fees and all articles are freely accessible as soon as they are released.
APS is a quarterly journal published in March, June, September and December by the China Science Press and circulated both nationally and internationally (ISSN 1674-9928, CN 31-2050/P). Formerly known as the Chinese Journal of Polar Science (English Edition), founded in 1990, this journal is known as Advances in Polar Science from Volume 22 (2011).
In the next few years, APS is planning to publish several special issues. We would like to invite you to submit manuscripts to two special issues: “Geology and palaeontology of the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula” or “Polar or high-latitude sea ice observations and modeling in China and Norway” to be published in June or September of 2019, respectively. For more details, please visit the APS's websites: www.aps-polar.org .

The schedule for the special issue “Geology and palaeontology of the James Ross Basin, Antarctic Peninsula” is:
·Paper submission deadline: 30 December 2018
·Final acceptance deadline: 15 March 2019
·Publication: June 2019
The schedule for the special issue “Polar or high-latitude sea ice observations and modeling in China and Norway” is:
·Paper submission deadline: 28 February 2019
·Final acceptance deadline: 31 July 2019
·Publication: September or October 2019
Submitted manuscripts, except for review papers or Opinion Editorial, should be complete and adequately supported by original investigation; they should not be versions of communications submitted or published elsewhere. All manuscripts, except for Opinion Editorial, will undergo regular review by members of the Editorial Board and other appropriate experts.
We thank you in advance for your consideration to submit manuscripts to APS, and we encourage you to share this announcement broadly with interested colleagues. Any queries should be addressed to journal@pric.org.cn.

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Contents of Vol. 29

Editorial Office

Advances in Polar Science. 2018, 29(4): 301-303.

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Advances in Polar Science
CONTENTS (Volume 29, 2018)

Number 1
Polar science needs a foundation: where is the research into polar infrastructure?
Adrian MCCALLUM
Arctic warming and its influence on East Asian winter cold events: a brief recap
Seong-Joong KIM & Baek-Min KIM
Glacier systems response on climate change by the definite climatic scenario: northeast Russia Maria D. ANANICHEVA & Roger BARRY
Occurrence of seabirds and marine mammals in the pelagic zone of the Patagonian Sea and north of the South Orkney Islands
José Luis ORGEIRA
Aspect sensitivity of polar mesosphere summer echoes observed with the EISCAT VHF radar
LI Hui, WU Jian, TIAN Ruihuan, JIANG Xiaonan & LIANG Yonggan
The post-Paris approach to mitigating Arctic warming—perspectives from shipping emissions reduction
BAI Jiayu & MA Yuan
Influence of the Agreement on Enhancing International Arctic Scientific Cooperation on the approach of non-Arctic states to Arctic scientific activities
LIU Han

Number 2
Foreword
Progress of Antarctic meteorite survey and research in China
MIAO Bingkui, XIA Zhipeng, ZHANG Chuantong, OU Ronglin & SUN Yunlong
Progress in Chinese Antarctic geodetic remote sensing
E Dongchen, WANG Zemin & ZHANG Shengkai
Distribution domains of the Pan-African event in East Antarctica and adjacent areas
REN Liudong, ZONG Shi, WANG Yanbin & LI Chong
U-Th-Pb monazite and Sm-Nd dating of high-grade rocks from the Grove Mountains, East Antarctica: further evidence for a Pan-African-aged monometamorphic terrane
LIU Xiaochun, LING Xiaoxiao & JAHN Bor-ming
Metamorphism and zircon U-Pb dating of high-pressure pelitic granulites from glacial moraines in the Grove Mountains, East Antarctica
CHEN Longyao, WANG Wei, LIU Xiaochun & ZHAO Yue
SHRIMP U-Pb zircon geochronology of granites from Sansom Island, Prydz Bay, East Antarctica
CUI Yingchun, LIU Xiaochun, LIU Chenguang & LIU Jianhui
Preliminary investigation of rubidium distribution in the Grove Mountains area, East Antarctica
LI Yan & HUANG Feixin

Number 3
Foreword
Workshop on Polar Climate Changes and Extreme Events
Zhaomin WANG, Xiangdong ZHANG, John TURNER & Annette RINKE Atmospheric feedbacks on Arctic summer sea-ice anomalies in ensemble simulations of a coupled regional climate model
Annette RINKE, Dörthe HANDORF, Wolfgang DORN, Klaus DETHLOFF, John C. MOORE & Xiangdong ZHANG
A glacial control on the eruption rate of Mt Erebus, Antarctica
Maximillian VAN WYK de VRIES
Determination of Arctic melt pond fraction and sea ice roughness from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery
WANG Mingfeng, SU Jie, LI Tao, WANG Xiaoyu, JI Qing, CAO Yong, LIN Long & LIU Yilin
Extreme events as ecosystems drivers: Ecological consequences of anomalous Southern Hemisphere weather patterns during the 2001/2002 austral spring-summer
Dana M. BERGSTROM, Eric J. WOEHLER, Andrew R. KLEKOCIUK, Michael J. POOK & Robert A. MASSOM
Trends of summertime extreme temperatures in the Arctic
SUI Cuijuan & YU Lejiang
Simulated impact of Southern Hemisphere westerlies on Antarctic Continental Shelf Bottom Water temperature
LIN Xia & WANG Zhaomin
The study of ice shelf-ocean interaction—techniques and recent results
Keith W. NICHOLLS

Number 4
Towards truly integrated modeling and observing of marine ice sheets
David GWYTHER
Identification of optical auroras caused by mantle precipitation with the aid of particle observations from DMSP satellites
HAN Desheng & YANG Huigen
Records in palaeo-notch sediment: changes in palaeoproductivity and their link to climate change from Svalbard
YANG Zhongkang, WANG Yuhong & SUN Liguang
Hotspots of seabirds and marine mammals between New Zealand and the Ross Gyre: importance of hydrographic features
Claude R. JOIRIS & Grant R. W. HUMPHRIES
Marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean: status and future
LI Chaolun & YANG Guang
An analysis on Sino-Russian cooperation in the Arctic in the BRI era
Olga ALEXEEVA & Frederic LASSERRE
Research on governance of HFO use and carriage on ships in accordance with the Polar Code
HAN Jialin
Meteorological observations and weather forecasting services of the CHINARE
SUN Qizhen, ZHANG Lin, MENG Shang, SHEN Hui, DING Zhuoming & ZHANG Zhanhai

Contents of Volume 29, 2018

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31 December 2018, Volume 29 Issue 4