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Estimates of near surface layer parameters over 78°N drifting ice in ice camp over the Arctic ocean are made using bulk transfer methods with the data from the experiments operated by the Chinese Arctic Scientific Expedition in August 22-September 3，2003. The results show that the net radiation received by the snow Surface is only 3.6W/m2，among which the main part transported into atmosphere in term of sensible heat and latent heat, which account for 52% and 31% respectively, and less part being transported to deep ice in the conductive process. The bulk transfer coefficient of momentum is about 1.16×10-3 in the near neutral layer, which is a little smaller than that obtained over 75°N drifting ice. However, to compare with the results observed over 75°N drifting ice over the Arctic Ocean in 1999, it can be found that the thermodynamic and momentum of interactions between sea and air are significant different with latitudes, concentration and the scale of sea ice. It is very important on considering the effect of sea-ait-ice interaction over the Arctic Ocean when studying climate modeling.
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The data from the Southern Ocean observations of World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) are used for analysis and illustration of the features and spatial distributions of Circumpolar Deep Water (CDW) in the southern Indian Ocean. It is learnt from the comparison among the vertical distributions of temperature/salinity/oxygen along the 30°E, 90°E and 145°E sections respectively that some different features of CDW and the fronts can be found at those longitudes, and those differences can be attributed to the zonal transoceanic flow and the meri zonal movement in the Circumpolar Deep Water. In fact, the zonal transoceanic flow is the main dynamic factor for the water exchange between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean or between the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and for the effects on the spatial distributions of the physical properties in CDW.
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Three kinds of tundra plant samples including Dicranum angustum (
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Analysis of sensible heat flux (Qh), latent heat flux (Qe), Richardson number (Ri), bulk transport coefficient (Cd) and katabatic winds are presented by using the meteorological data in the near surface layer from an automatic weather station (AWS) in Princess Elizabeth Land, East Antarctica ice sheet and the data of corresponding period at Zhongshan station in 2002. It shows that annual mean air temperature at LGB69 is -25.6℃, which is 16.4℃ lower than that at Zhongshan, where the elevation is lower and located on the coast. The temperature lapse rate is about 1.0℃/110 m for the initial from coast to inland. The turbulence heat flux at LGB69 displays obvious seasonal variations with the average sensible heat flux -17.9 W/m2 and latent heat flux -0.9 W/m2. The intensity (Qh+Qe) of cool-ling source is -18.8 W/m2 meaning the snow surface layer obtains heat from atmosphere. The near surface atmosphere is near-neutral stratified with bulk transport coefficients (Cd) around 2.8×10-3, and it is near constant when the wind speed higher than 8 m/s. The speed and the frequency of easterly Katabatic winds at LGB69 were higher than that at Zhongshan Station.
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An Arctic Ocean eddy in subsurface layer is analyzed in this paper by use of temperature, salinity and current profiles data obtained at an ice camp in the Canada Basin during the second Chinese A rctic Expedition in summer of 2003. In the vertical temperature section, the eddy shows itself as an isolated cold water blck at depth of 60m wilh a minimum temperature of-1.5℃, about 0.5℃ colder than the ambient water. Isopycnals in the eddy fom a pattern of convex, which indicates the eddy is anticyclonic. A lthough maximum velocity near 0.4m s-1 occurs in the current records observed synchronously, the current pattern is faraway from a typical eddy. By further analysis, inertial frequency oscillations with amplitudes com parable with the eddy velocity are found in the sub-surface layer currents A fter filter the iniertial current and mean current, an axisymmetric current, pattern of an eddy wilh maximum velocity radius of 5 km is obtained. The analysis of the
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This paper determined the abundance of General Aerobic heterotrophic Bacteria (GAB) in surficial sediments from the Chukchi Sea and the Canadian basin by using MPN and discussed their geographical distribution. The result shows that the determination percentages of the GAB were high, even till 100 percentage. The abundance range and averages of GAB for 4℃ and 25℃ were from 4.00 x 102 to 2.40 x 106, 1.71 x 106 ind ·g-1 (wet sample) and from 2.40 x 105 to 2.40 x 107, 1.10 xl07 ind ·g-1(from sample) respectively. Not only the abundance range but also the averages of GAB in 25℃ were higher than that in 4℃. The abundance of GAB in sediments show a tendency that it is roughly greater in the lower latitudinal area than in the higher latitudinal area. The abundance of GAB increased from east to west as for the longitudinal distribution. With the water depth increasing, the abundance of GAB at 4℃ decreased, but GBA at 25℃ is not changed obviously with water depth. It seems that warmer circumstantial temperature is more suitable for some GAB.
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Gravity measurement is of great importance to the height datum in Antarctica. The absolute gravity measurement was carried out at Great Wall Station, Antarctica, using FG5 absolute gravity instrument. The gravity data was processed with corrections of earth tide, ocean tide, polar motion and the atmospher, and the RMS is within±3 xl0-8 ms-2. The vertical and horizontal gravity gradients were measured using 2 LaCoaste & Romberg (LCR) gravimeters. The absolute gravity measurement provides the fundamental data for the validation and calibration of the satellite gravity projects such as CHAMP, GRACE and GOCE, and for the high accuracy geoid model.
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GSH system plays a role in the control of the redox balance state, anti-oxidation and protecting life from injury of ROS (reactive oxygen species). In present paper, the possible GSH system of
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