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Aerosol samples are collected on the route of the Second Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition from July 15 to September 28, 2003. The concentration of water soluble ions (Na+, NH4+, Ca2+, Cl-, MSA, SO42- and so on) are analyzed. By correlation analysis, the ions can be divided into three groups: (1) Na+, Mg2+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, SO42-, mainly from sea salt; (2) NH/, NO3-, markedly from coastal regions of the continents; (3) Acetate, MSA, C2O42-, from other sources. Marine aerosols are the dominant origin, Cl- and Na+ are the most dominant anion and cation, respectively and these two ions (Na++ Cl-) account for 55.6% of the total aerosol loading. The mean equivalence ratio of NH4+/SO42+ is 0.45, we suggest that ammonium and sulfate exist mainly as NH4HSO4. The concentration of NO3- shows three different patterns on the route of expedition : Japan Sea with median value of 15.2 neq·m-3; Sea of Okhostk and Bering Sea of 1.8 neq·m-3 and Arctic Ocean of 0.4 neq·m-3. Bering Sea is a high MSA area. Through the comparison of the concentration of main water soluble ions between the First and Second Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition, the variahon matches each other.
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Concentrations of Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Ga, Ge, As, Sb, W, Re, Ir, Pt and Au of two ungrouped iron meteorites, Grove Mountains (GRV) 98003 from Antarctica and Ujimqin, were measured using instrumental neutron activation analysis. According to the bulk chemistry, GRV 98003 is classified as a member of ⅠAB group, and Ujimqin as a unique one of ⅠAB iron meteorite complex. The elemental abundance pattern and correlation between elements (e.g. Ni-Au, Co-Au, As-Au, W-Au, Cu-Au, Sb-Au) of GRV 98003 are similar with those of NAW 468 (ⅠAB), but significantly depleted in refractoRY siderophile elements (Re, It) and moderate volatile elements (Ga, Ge) relative to the latter. In addition, we reclassify Nantan (Ⅱ-ICD) as a member of ⅠAB main group (MG) and Yongning (ⅠA) as a unique iron meteorite related with ⅠAB iron meteorite complex.
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Glaciogene sedimentary rocks have been found in modem tills of the Grove Mountains, east Antarctica during the 1998-1999 Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition (CHNARE). Based on the lithilogic and sedimentary features, these sedimentary rocks are correlated with Cenozoic sedimentary strata of the Pagodroma Group in the neighboring Prince Charles Mountains and the Sorsdal Formation in VestFold Hills. Sedimentary clasts contain sparsely Late Tertiary spores and pollens, including:
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Mercury (Hg) was investigated in bone tissues of skua (
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Hydrological character and Sea-current profiles structure are studied and analyzed in sea-area of the front of Amery Ice Shelf, Prydz Bay with LADCP, CTD data. These LADCP, CTD data were acquired during the 19th Chinese Antarctic Scientific Expedition. Results of this study agree with that, there exist four different kinds of water masses in the area of the front of Amery Ice Shelf in the summer of Antarctica. Current distribution presents a semi-circumfluence which flows in at the east and flows out in the west. Moreover, clockwise and anticlockwise vortices were found in upper layer and mid-layer in the Prydz Bay. Western areas of these anti - clockwise vortices are positions of inflows from Prydz Bay to Amery Ice Shelf. The source of these inflows is the coastal westward current originated in the east of Prydz Bay. All these characteristics come down to the pattern of circumfluence, ice melt rate under Ice Shelf, scale of Ice Shelf water production and form of water exchanges between area of Ice Shelf and area of Prydz Bay.
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The activity of caesium-137 (Bq/kg) in the crustaceous lichens and other samples was determined to prove the feasibility that crustaceous lichens work as a sensitive biology monitor to record the caesium-137 (Bq/kg) radiation levels of terrestrial environment. The measurements were performed with GEM series HPGe (high-purity Germanium) coaxial detector system (ADCAM - 100) made by EC & GORTEC Company in USA. It was found that the activity of caesium-137 (Bq/kg) in the crustaceous lichens was one order of magnitude higher than that found in surface soil, and was over three orders of magnitude higher than those found in the familiar biological samples. These results proved that crustaceous lichens may be one of the most sensitive biological monitors about the remote transmission and environmental radiation levels of caesium-137.
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The cold desert soil has been discovered at first time in southern ridge of Mount Harding, Grove Mountains of interior East Antarctica Ice Sheet. Based on the micro structural observation, dominant characteristics of quartz grains include: distinct surface stria and fractures, and clean features of frost action at both of crystal margins and micro crannies of quartz grains. These features show a pedogenesis environment of few water, short transportation and frost action, revealing a warmer climatic event existed in this region.
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