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A large number of cosmic dust particles, micrometeorites and volcanic dust bands have been found and collected in Antarctic ice, snow and glacial sediments, especially in meteorite concentrated regions. Extraterrestrial spherules also have been discovered from the stratosphere and deep-sea sediments. On the basis of their distributive characteristics the cosmic dust particles are classified into interplanetary dust particles and interstellar dust particles. According to their origins cosmic dust particles can be divided into cometary origin particles, asteroidal origin particles, ablation particles from meteorites and Interstellar origin particles. The criteria for identifying cosmic dust particles have been established and the origins of cosmic dust particles are also discussed in this paper.
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A total of 334 oriented volcanic samples of Early Tertiary were collected for a paleomagnetic study from 43 sampling sites in the South Shetland Islands,Antarctica. Paleomagnetic study indicates that the South Shetland Islands and Antarctic Peninsula were situated in or close to their present position in Early Tertiary. Furthermore* it is also suggested that a counterclockwise rotation about 15 degrees related to the relative movement between South America and Antarctica took place in north of Antarctic Peninsula since Paleocene.
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During the summer cruise of R/V 'JIDI' in 1992/1993 filtration rate and ingestion rate of Antarctic krill
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This paper presents separation and identification of the pigments of the phytoplankton samples collected from the adjacent waters (62°12.5'S, 58°5'W~62°14.5'S, 58°57'W) of Great Wall Station,Antarctica during March 1988~February 1989 by using thin-layer chromatographic techniques. Of the 15 kinds of phytoplankton pigments separated, 13 were identified according to the Rr values of the various marine algal pigments. The features of seasonal variations of phytoplankton pigments in the studied area are also discussed.
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The present paper deals with the composition and distribution of nano- and micrcxliatoms in sands and grits covered by ice and snow in the intertidal zones of the Zhongshan Station in Larsemann Hills (69°21'~69°25', S, 76°00'~76°25'E) , East Antarctica. The samples were collected from seven sand-grit flat stations in January 1989 and February 1990. The highest cell density of nano- and microdiatoms occurred at Station B. The cell concentration was 0.8 × 103~3651 × 103 cells per gram sand in January 1989 and 4.5 × 103~2618 × 103 cells per gram in February 1990 respectively. The nano- and microdiatoms in the intertidal zones were small in cell size and high in abundance. The dominant species was
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Temperature measurements in boreholes show that ice is of temperate state in accumulation area and of cold state in ablation area in Collins Ice Cap. Ice temperature of active layer is significantly influenced by seasonal variations of air temperature. The warming of ice by the melt water infiltration is remarkable. Snow cover also noticeably affects thermal regimes of the Collins Ice Cap. The measurements also reveal that temperature below the active layer is approximate to the melting point in the majority of the glacier except in the vicinity of the Little Dome , where ice temperature varies sharply within a surface distance of more than 10 metres. Significant water oozing from ice cores was observed at a depth of 30 m during the drilling near the Little Dome, which is probably caused by the combined effects such as internal runoffs, differential movement and high salinity of the glacier.
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A lidar system (694 nm) was used to measure the stratospheric aerosol layer at Zhongshan Station (69°22'S, 76°22'E) in 1993. A total of 53 sets of lidar data presented in this paper were obtained over a period of 224 days between March 27 and November 5, 1993. The average vertical profiles of stratospheric aerosol backscattering ratio and the integrated backscatter coefficient over the 12 km,30 km altitude range were reversed from the return signal of lidar. The results of observations show that the strataspheric aerosol content more noticeably enhanced in 1993 than that in 1990 due to Mt. Pinatubo eruption in Philippines in June of 1991. Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) were observed from late May until early August. The vertical profiles of stratospheric aerosol backscattering ratio at Antarctica in 1993 show a clear double-layer structure. One layer is at an altitude of about 12 km, the other is at an altitude of about 25 km. The upper layer is varied with season.
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This study is to investigate the physio-psychological state of 23 male expedi- tioners before their going to Antarctica, after during their staying for 3,6,9,12 months at Antarctica and after their returning respectively. The results show that EEG β-wave frequency, β-wave index and neurasthenic symptoms increased obviously during their stay at Antarctica (
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The analysis of meteorological data obtained from the installed Automatic Weather Station (AWS) at Jinnah Station (70.24°S, 25. 45°E), East Antarctica is presented. This paper describes the meteorological conditions of Jinnah Station for the years of 1991 and 1993. Due to some technical problems the data could not be received continuously in the year 1992. The significant temperature difference is found between the warmest and the coldest months. Climate shows the moderating effect of ocean. Low pressure and strong wind are common which represents the location of the station lies in the circum-polar low pressure belt. The prevailing wind direction for all over the year is ESE.
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