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Investigations were made on the microbes in the air, bottom sediments, surface seawater in the sea area of the South Shetland Islands during December, 1986～March, 1987.
The results obtained show that: from the air over the South Shetland Islands and the Maxwell Bay, the detection rate of terrigenous microbes was more than 90% and their amount was generally a few CFU/m3; the detection rate of marine microbes was more than 50% and their amount only 1 CFU/m3. The amounts of air-borne microbes over the surveyed area were the witness to their diurnal variations. They were influenced to some extent by nearby islands. Air temperature and relative humidity, etc. were factors affecting their quantitative variations.
The bacterial amount of the outshore surface sea water in the Great Wall Bay, Antarctica was about
In the intertidal zone of the Deception Island,there were only a few CFU of bacteria per-cubic meter in seawater; and
The results reveal the general features of the microbes from the air, sea and land in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica. It provides data for further study of microbial resources in that area.
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A preliminary identification has been made of 35 species of the zooplankton in the Great Wall Bay and its adjacent waters, Antarctica. The dominant species in the investigated area are
The results indicated that the zooplankton in the investigated waters were simple in species number, which conforms to the general pattern of the distribution of the zooplankton in antarctic waters.
The total biomass and number of individuals of the zooplankton in the investigated waters showed obvious seasonal variation. In summer there were
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This paper reports the results of separation and identification of the pigments from ice algae in the adjacent waters (62°12′30″S～62°14′30″S, 58°53′W～58°57′W) of Great Wall Station, Antarctica during the icing Pened (from June 1988～December 1988) and the discussion is also made on the composition and seasonal variations of the pigments of ice algae in that area as well as their roles in marine ecosystems. The results indicate that 15 kinds of pigments have been separated from ice algae, of which 13 kinds can be identified. They are respeCtively: carotene, pheophytin-a, chlorophyll-a, -b, -c, xanthophyll, fucoxanthin, chlorophyllide-a, violaxanthin, pheophorbide-a, chlorophyllin-a, derivative of chlorophyll-c (diadinoxanthin), but two kinds of pigments can not be identified. There are distinct seasonal variations in the pigments of ice algae at that sea area.
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This paper presents the identification and quantitative analysis of the phytoplankton samples collected in the Great Wall Bay, Antarctica from March 1988 to February 1989. The results indicate that the specific composition of phytoplankton clearly shows their ecological characteristics. That is the community mainly composed of cold-water species and neritic-eurythermal species. The dominant species altered with seasonal variation, their number showed the high-peak in the austral summer and the abundance of phytoplankton in each month mainly depended upon the dominant species. The distribution of phytoplankton is influenced by many environmental factors. Among them the hours of sunshine are the main factor.
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Nano-and microalgae samples were collected from 34 stations in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent Southern Indian Ocean, Antarctica during a period from December 1990 to January 1991. 122 taxa belonging to 40 genera 5 phyla were identified. Among them diatom occupy 73%, dinoflagellates 20.5%, the other species 6.5%. The average cell abundance of nano-and microalgae was 2551 × 104 cells/m3 in surface waters. The concentration of nano-and microalgae occurred in the Prydz Bay and its adjacent continental station IV 7 and northern water area between West Ice Shelf and Shackleton Ice Shelf (Stations Ⅶ 3, Ⅷ 1, Ⅷ 2, Ⅷ 3, Ⅸ 1, Ⅺ 1); and minimal abundance occurred in northwestern area of the Prydz Bay (some stations of section Ⅲ and Station Ⅳ 1-5). The average cell abundance of planktonic nano-and microalgae from net sample was 811.62 × 104 cells/m3, and the concentration area occurred in the adjacent continent waters of the Prydz Bay (Stations Ⅳ 2, Ⅳ 4, Ⅳ 5, Ⅳ 7, Ⅴ 4 and Ⅴ 5) and northern area of the West Ice Shelf (Stations Ⅶ 1 and Ⅶ 3); low abundance occurred in eastern area of the Shackleton Ice Shelf (at each station of sections Ⅹ and Ⅺ). For the vertical distribution of planktonic nano-and microalgae, the maximum value was usually found at the surface and above 50 m depth, and gradually decreased with the water depth from 100 m to 200 m. The relationship between planktonic nano-and microalgal abundance and
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An observation on the changes of immune function (serum immunoglobulin, lymphocyte transformation) and electroencephalogram were carried out when the explorers were residing in Antarctica for a long time.
Serum IgM, IgG decreased by the end of twelve months residing in Antarctica. It were only 40%; 38% (
The desynchronization process on electroencephalogram (EEG) increased. The frequency and index of β-wave band increased during their stay in Antarctica. There is a close relationship between the decrease of lymphocyte transformation rate and the increase of the index and amplitude of β-band on EEG. It indicated that the decrease of immunity (especially cell mediated immunity) resulted from living under stress for a long time.
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In this paper, we use an empirical method to derive the height of maximum electron concentration of the F2 region and the effective meridional neutral wind at Great Wall Station. Antarctica. The meridional wind is also calculated with the HWM - 90 model. Results can be used to explain two anomaly features of ionosphere at Great Wall Station. In summer, peak values of
Summer anomaly can be explained by combining effects of two causes: thermospheric winds and solar radiation. An important reason for the anomaly is the location of Great Wall Station, which is in both high geographic latitude and middle geomagnetic latitude.
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Based on some data obtained in the Sixth Chinese Antarctic Research Expedition during 1989/1990, the relationship between the distribution of nutrient and that of productivity in the Prydz Bay was discussed. The results show that outside the Emery Ice Shelf there exists an expanse of warm and salty waters, where within the euphotic layer the content of nutrient is relatively low, the saturation of dissolved oxygen is up to 120% and the content of chlorophyll a is more than 1.00 mg/m3, all this indicating that the Prydz Bay may be considered as a high productivity area in Antarctica. The vertical distribution of chemical elements showed a strong spring layer like the thermocline, but at 350 m layer abnormal vertical nutrient distribution turned up, even though there was no distinct halociine. Finally the various factors causing this abnormaly were discussed.
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