CONTENTS

Opinion Editorial 

A new paradigm of internal wave in the Arctic Ocean

Review 

Climate-relevant gases and their impact on the climate and environment of polar oceans

Adaptations, cultivation and commercial prospects of polar microalgae 

Articles 

Modulation of dominant thermodynamic processes and relay dynamic processes in Arctic sea ice rapid melting 

Conception and first results of the Russian National System of Background Permafrost Monitoring

Transformer-based skeleton extraction from all-sky images for estimating the number of auroral arcs

Trends & Letters 

Technologies and applications of polar air–ice–sea synergistic cooperative monitoring

XIV International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences: an opportunity to share and increase our knowledge of polar geoscience research

Annoucement 

Call for papers: Special Issue “New Horizons in the Exploration of Polar Biodiversity, Ecosystem and Genetic Resources”